Ceramics and pottery have been at the heart of human civilization for thousands of years. This unique material is used for big important events and for our small daily rituals.
Durable and versatile, clays have been used to create everything from functional tools to inspiring works of art. Some of our most treasured clayware may go unnoticed in our day-to-day lives – items such as a favourite mug or pen holder. This blog delves into the fascinating history of ceramics, tracing its evolution from ancient times to the contemporary era.
Where did ceramics originate?
The origins of ceramics can be dated back to our prehistoric ancestors who experimented with making storage vessels, cooking pots and figurines.
Cave discoveries in China
Some of the earliest discovered evidence of pottery use in Asia was in the Xianrendong Cave in Jiangxi province in China. Here, prehistoric shards of pottery dating back nearly 20,000 years were unearthed. There are even scotch marks indicating they may have been used as cooking pots.
The Venus of Dolni
The Venus of Dolní Věstonice might be the oldest piece of ceramic artwork in existence. She’s a figurine dating back to about 29,000–25,000 BCE, and was discovered in the Czeck Republic in a layer ask broken into two pieces. She was once on display at the Moravian Museum in Brno in Prague, but these days is protected and rarely seen by the public.
Landmark inventions
Ceramics have always been a valuable commodity, and through much of history there were few other materials that could rival its properties.
Pottery techniques developed to make stronger, more uniform ceramics in quicker time. Mesopotamia, Ancient China, Ancient Greece and Rome
When was the potter’s wheel invented?
The potter’s wheel was invented around 3,500 BCE in Mesopotamia. It marked a significant leap forward allowing pottery to be produced much more quickly and uniformly.
When was porcelain invented?
Porcelain was created in Ancient China by the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE). It quickly became sought after for its strength, translucence and beauty – and, due to its shrinkage rate, it provided the opportunity to create more intricate, delicate designs. Porcelain became prized throughout China and a major export, admired all around the world.
Mass production pottery
During the UK’s Industrial Revolution across the 18th and 19th centuries, mechanical inventions meant that functional and artistic ceramics could be made on a mass scale. This mass production meant popular styles could be accessed by anyone and everyone.
This allowed certain artists and designers to truly stand out and reach the general population via production pottery studios. Top ceramicists such as Josiah Wedgwood’s became household names.
After the Industrial Revolution, the Arts and Crafts movement inspired many artists to revive traditional craftsmanship techniques too, and so both mass production ceramics and small batch ceramics have found there places in today’s world.
What’s ahead?
Contemporary ceramics continue to push boundaries, with artists experimenting with new forms, techniques, and materials.
High-tech ceramics, such as bioceramics and advanced structural ceramics, have found applications in fields ranging from medicine to aerospace, so we’re sure to see many more breakthroughs thanks to this versatile material in the future.
In today’s post-covid world, where people still spend a large amount of time connecting online, there’s been a growing interest in the slow living movement. This includes a renewed interest in ancient pottery and ceramic techniques – with small batch studios popping up and pottery classes becoming more and more popular.
From the invention of the pottery wheel through to the Arts and Crafts movement, there’s been a huge range of inventions and developments that have impacted our relationship with pottery and ceramics.
Yet it looks as though the simple art of making a pot hasn’t changed very much since our ancestors first discovered the beauty and functionality of ceramics in prehistoric China.
Ceramics shop
If you are curious about what I make, please take a look at my Valerie & John Ceramics shop on Etsy. Thanks for reading!
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